I would argue that political manipulation, economic warfare, targeting armed forces, weaponized media, and cyber domain operations are simply warfare itself, and the cognitive warfare is the authorities and distribution of power that make us see this as an emerging battlespace, rather than recognizing the battlespace we have been fighting in for a very long time. When the most limiting factor on our operations is our own rules, we deter ourselves.
And with regard to corruption in Ukraine, we need to remember that to some degree it is also a relic of Kremlin interference as it tried to discredit and undermine Ukraine. Corruption and a border dispute with Russia became two regularly cited barriers to NATO membership for Ukraine.
Very much appreciate the article on PLA NCOs which fills a gaping hole in my knowledge. It also reminded me of an old “joke” about which WW2 army was the most democratic- American, British, German, Italian, or Soviet? The answer was the German because its officers and NCOs generally operated in an atmosphere of mutual respect (at least until the late war imposition of the Fuhrer principle demoted everybody to the ranks) and would listen to each other’s thoughts and ideas.
I would argue that political manipulation, economic warfare, targeting armed forces, weaponized media, and cyber domain operations are simply warfare itself, and the cognitive warfare is the authorities and distribution of power that make us see this as an emerging battlespace, rather than recognizing the battlespace we have been fighting in for a very long time. When the most limiting factor on our operations is our own rules, we deter ourselves.
And with regard to corruption in Ukraine, we need to remember that to some degree it is also a relic of Kremlin interference as it tried to discredit and undermine Ukraine. Corruption and a border dispute with Russia became two regularly cited barriers to NATO membership for Ukraine.
Very much appreciate the article on PLA NCOs which fills a gaping hole in my knowledge. It also reminded me of an old “joke” about which WW2 army was the most democratic- American, British, German, Italian, or Soviet? The answer was the German because its officers and NCOs generally operated in an atmosphere of mutual respect (at least until the late war imposition of the Fuhrer principle demoted everybody to the ranks) and would listen to each other’s thoughts and ideas.